Phytoestrogens and Osteoporosis

The Role of Phytoestrogens in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis in Ovarian Hormone Deficiency

Bahram H. Arjmandi, PhD, RD

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma [arjmand@okstate.edu]

Ovarian hormone deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is perhaps the most effective treatment, as it has been demonstrated to reduce both the rate of bone loss and risk of fracture, including hip fracture. Continue reading

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Anti-inflammatory Activities of Lactoferrin

Antiinflammatory Activities of Lactoferrin

Orla M. Conneely, PhD

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas [orlac@bcm.tmc.edu]

Lactoferrin is a non-heme iron binding glycoprotein produced during lactation and by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces. The protein is a prominent component of the first line of mammalian host defense and its expression is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli. Continue reading

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Selenium and Viral Infections

Antioxidants and Viral Infections: Host Immune Response and Viral Pathogenicity

Melinda A. Beck, PhD

Departments of Pediatrics and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina [melinda_beck@unc.edu]

Malnutrition has long been associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease. The increase in severity from and susceptibility to infectious disease in malnourished hosts is thought to be the result of an impaired immune response. Continue reading

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Konjac Mannan and Ginseng in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Konjac-Mannan and American Ginseng: Emerging Alternative Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Vladimir Vuksan, PhD, John L Sievenpiper, MSc, Zheng Xu, MD, MSc, Evelyn Y.Y. Wong, MSc, Alexandra L Jenkins, RD, Uljana Beljan-Zdravkovic MD, MSc, Lawrence A Leiter, MD, Robert G Josse, MBBS, Mark P Stavro, MSc

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario; Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre (V.V., J.L.S., Z.X., E.Y.Y.W., U.B.Z., A.L.J., L.A.L., R.G.J., M.P.S.) and Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology (V.V., L.A.L., R.G.J.), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA [v.vuksan@utoronto.ca ]

Despite significant achievements in treatment modalities and preventive measures, the prevalence of diabetes has risen exponentially in the last decade. Because of these limitations there is a continued need for new and more effective therapies. An increasing number of people are using dietary and herbal supplements, even though there is a general lack of evidence for their safety and efficacy. Continue reading

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Antioxidant Nutrients and Type 2 Diabetes

Use of Antioxidant Nutrients in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Rodney C. Ruhe, PhD, and Roger B. McDonald, PhD

Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California [rbmcdonald@ucdavis.edu]

Type 2 diabetes, or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is increasingly common throughout the world. The World Health Organization has predicted that between 1997 and 2025, the number of diabetics will double from 143 million to about 300 million. Continue reading

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